Nelumbonaceae | Sacred Lotus, American Lotus, Aquatic Flowering Plants (2024)

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Also known as: lotus-lily family

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Proteales
sacred lotus
American lotus

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Nelumbonaceae, the lotus-lily family of the order Proteales, consisting of two species of attractive aquatic plants. One of these species is the sacred lotus of the Orient (Nelumbo nucifera) and is found in tropical and subtropical Asia. The other species is the American lotus, or water chinquapin (N. lutea, or N. pentapetala), found in the eastern United States and southward to Colombia.

Some authorities consider the two species to constitute a separate order (Nelumbonales) because of important botanical characteristics that suggest a different evolutionary origin from the other water lilies. Unlike other water lilies, the plants of Nelumbonaceae have pores in the seed coat but lack latex-bearing tubes; there are also chromosomal differences. The family is further characterized by circular, centrally stalked, slightly hairy leaves, up to about 60 cm (2 feet) across, that are funnel- or cup-shaped. The leaves extend, in the Asian species, as much as 2 m (6.5 feet) above the water instead of floating on it. The large, attractive flowers also stand high above the water on strong, leafless stalks. They may be up to 25 cm across and have a number of petals, which close at night. The flowers of the sacred lotus, which stand as much as 1.8 m above the water, are pink or rose-coloured and fragrant. The American lotus has pale yellow flowers that rise about 60 cm above the water.

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Many varieties of the sacred lotus exist in cultivation, including dwarf forms and colour varieties ranging from white to red. The plant’s many nutlike fruits are produced in the flat upper surface of a spongy receptacle or expanded, fleshy, capsulelike structure, which is wider at the upper end than at the base. The whole structure dries at maturity, breaks off, and floats about, releasing the seeds, actually the true fruits, through numerous holes in the flat surface. The seeds sink to the bottom and establish new plants. The dried receptacles are used by florists in dried arrangements.

The whole plant of both species is edible. The rootstocks (rhizomes) of N. nucifera are eaten in Asia either boiled or preserved in sugar and are the source of the starch known as lotus meal. The boiled young leaves are eaten as a vegetable. Even the stamens are used in Southeast Asia for flavouring tea. The American lotus is similarly edible, especially the large rhizomes, which were once a source of starchy food for the American Indians.

The plants are particularly beneficial to wildlife. Beaver, for instance, eat the rootstocks, and fish obtain shade and shelter among the underwater portions of the plants.

The seeds of the Oriental lotus have been ascribed remarkable powers of longevity and, under ideal conditions, may survive many years. Seeds recovered from an ancient peat bog in Manchuria have been shown by radioactive carbon dating to be some 1,000 years old, yet were capable of germinating.

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This article was most recently revised and updated by William L. Hosch.

Nelumbonaceae | Sacred Lotus, American Lotus, Aquatic Flowering Plants (2024)

FAQs

What adaptations help lotus and water lily survive in water? ›

Lotus has developed the following adaptations to live in water:
  • The roots specialized to take in oxygen from water.
  • The leaves are flat hence they help in floating.
  • Air sacs present also help in floating.
  • Their structure is less rigid.

What are the benefits of the American lotus flower? ›

The flower, seed, leaf, and underground stem are used as medicine. Lotus contains chemicals that seem to breakdown fat tissue. These effects might help with weight loss. It also contains flavonoids, such as quercetin, which have anti-inflammatory effects.

Is a lotus an aquatic plant yes or no? ›

Lotus is an emerged aquatic plant. It has plate-like broad leaves. Its roots are fixed into the soil and stems are several inches long and emerged out of water.

Is American lotus edible? ›

American lotus roots, leaves, and seeds are edible. Native Americans were known to eat the starchy rhizomes, and young leaves can be cooked and eaten like spinach. Immature seeds can be eaten raw, and the seed pods are commonly used in floral arrangements.

How do water lilies survive? ›

Water lilies have a number of adaptations that help them survive in water, including big leaves that float on the water's surface to attract ample sunlight for photosynthesis. The top side of the leaf is covered with a cuticle to keep it as dry as possible, and the underside has thorns to protect against predators.

Is water lily a free floating plant? ›

Final answer: Water lily is a floating aquatic plant.

Is lotus plant good for home? ›

Spiritual Symbolism: Vastu experts consider the lotus flower a symbol of spirituality. Placing a lotus plant in the house is thought to bring happiness, prosperity, and alleviate sorrows, especially when positioned at the centre of the house.

Is lotus leaf edible? ›

The lotus plant has been eaten as a food for 7,000 years in Asia. Its stem and roots are often added to soups and stir-fries, but its leaves, flowers, and seeds are also used in cooking (1, 2 , 3 ). Lotus flowers are popular ornamental plants in Asia.

Is lotus fruit edible? ›

The edible part of the lotus plant is the root, seeds, and young flower stalks. When the lotus seeds inside the seed head are green, they can be eaten raw as they are sweet. When the seeds become brown, they can be made into a paste or ground into flour for baking.

How long does a lotus live? ›

Lotuses are day-blooming plants, opening early in the morning and closing by mid-afternoon. They completely close up at night. This bloom pattern continues throughout their lifespan, which is typically 3 to 5 days. On the third day, the petals begin to fall, leaving behind their seedpod.

Can lotus purify water? ›

This research shows that lotus is very efficient in the capability of reducing the amount of nutrients and suspended solids from the discharge water.

Does lotus add oxygen to water? ›

nucifera to counteract water eutrophication. The leaves of the floating lotus reduce sunlight reaching the lower part of the water. This suppresses algae growth in N. nucifera aquatic systems and thus, the oxygen content is up to 20% higher than in other aquatic plant systems.

What are the health benefits of American lotus? ›

Compounds found in the plant, such as quercetin and catechin, are recognized for their anti-inflammatory effects. Chronic inflammation is a precursor to a slew of health issues, and the American Lotus may play a role in preventing or alleviating these conditions.

Can you eat lotus flowers raw? ›

LEAVES AND STEMS- Leaves or stems of the lotus can be eaten raw or cooked. 4.) FLOWERS- Flowers can be dried and used in recipes for cooking. All parts of the lotus have been used for medicinal purposes for several ailments.

What animals eat American lotus? ›

The large acorn like seeds of American lotus are utilized by some ducks and other wildlife. Beavers and muskrats will consume the rhizomes.

Why are water lilies adapted to live in water? ›

The leaves of a water lily have long leaf-stalks filled with air spaces. This adaptation helps the plant to float on water. The leaf blades are broad with an oily coat. Stomata are present only on the upper surface of the leaf that is exposed to air.

What are three adaptations of water lily? ›

(b) Water lily:
  • It has long, narrow stems that are not damaged by water currents.
  • It has air spaces to enable the plant to float.
  • Water lilies have large flat leaves with waxy, waterproof upper surfaces.

Which factors enable water lilies and lotus to float on water? ›

The parenchyma tissues that are present in this plant contain modified, specialized tissues called aerenchyma. The aerenchyma has many large cavities within it that are filled with air. It is these air filled cavities that give the plant its buoyancy.

What are some adaptations that allow plants to survive on water? ›

Adaptations to Aquatic Environments
  • Spongy Tissue in Stems and Leaves. Spongy tissue helps the plant move the oxygen in the air down to the roots.
  • Floating, Horizontal Leaves. Horizontal leaves that float on the surface of the water expose as much of the leaf surface as possible to the sun. ...
  • Emergent Leaves.

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